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Collection

Peter A. Sickal diary, 1884-1886

1 volume

Peter A. Sickal, a teacher and farmer from Banner, Kansas, maintained this pocket diary between January 1884 and August 1886. He held teaching positions at Abilene, Prairie Union, and Banner, Kansas. While teaching, Sickal noted school attendance, his students' progress and disobedience, examinations, and occasionally distributing prizes and candy. He frequently commented on weather, his agricultural work, construction on his home, attendance at Sunday School, and management of his military pension and hernia. He was politically involved, commenting on local elections and attending Republican gatherings. The diary includes several references to receiving letters from relatives in Italy and San Francisco.

Peter A. Sickal, a teacher and farmer from Banner, Kansas, maintained this pocket diary between January 1884 and August 1886. He held teaching positions at Abilene, Prairie Union, and Banner, Kansas. While teaching, Sickal noted school attendance, his students' progress and disobedience, examinations, and occasionally distributing prizes and candy. He frequently commented on weather, his agricultural work, construction on his home, attendance at Sunday School, and managements of his military pension and hernia. Sickal commented on notable events, like the development of railways, attending the play "Spy of Atlanta" (February 16, 1884), and a coroner's inquiry (February 7, 1885). He was politically involved, commenting on local elections and attending Republican gatherings (July 12, 1884; October 4, 1884; August 29, 1885), but made few comments about broader state or national affairs beyond some anxiety about the 1884 Kansas election (November 8, 1884) and the funeral of Ulysses S. Grant (August 8, 1855). The diary includes several references to receiving letters from relatives in Italy and San Francisco, and a number of addresses are written at the back of the volume.

Collection

Peter Force papers, 1774-1868 (majority within 1820-1867)

3 linear feet

This collection is made up of correspondence, research notes and extracts, bibliographies, financial records, and other items related to printer, publisher, and historian Peter Force. Most of the items pertain to Force's interest in early American history and to the source materials he gathered for publication in American Archives, his multivolume documentary history of the Revolutionary War era.

This collection is made up of correspondence, research notes and extracts, bibliographies, financial records, and other items related to printer, publisher, and historian Peter Force. Most of the items relate to Force's interest in early American history and to the source materials he gathered for publication in American Archives, a documentary history of the Revolutionary War era.

The Correspondence series (approximately 1 linear foot) largely consists of incoming and outgoing letters regarding Peter Force. The earliest group of items is copied and original manuscripts dated between August 17, 1774, and February 26, 1793. They concern the Boston Port Act (August 17, 1774), George Measam's desire to leave the bulk of his estate to the United States Treasury in support of the war against Great Britain (June 20, 1781), Kentucky residents' efforts to form a state (January 2, 1784), early efforts to collect primary sources related to American history, and other subjects.

The bulk of the material (April 18, 1820-December 25, 1867) pertains directly to Peter Force, and frequently concerns his efforts to collect and publish primary source materials regarding the history of North America (particularly the United States). Force's correspondents asked about and otherwise discussed letters, documents, pamphlets, and other materials from the 18th century (and, rarely, earlier), including some owned by Force and others held in state historical societies and similar repositories. The letters concern many aspects of early American history, including relations between Native American tribes and the government, and the years leading up to the Revolution. Charles Fenton Mercer wrote at length about the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (August 2, 1827).

Many items concern Force's publishing career, including a group of letters from William Thompson, who wished to work for Force (May 1825-July 1825), and items exchanged by Force and Matthew St. Clair Clarke, his collaborator on American Archives. Force, Clarke, and other writers discussed the project and similar efforts, such as a documentary history of Parliament. A significant group of letters and financial documents relate to a dispute between Force and John Cook Rives, another collaborator onAmerican Archives. Two letters from April 1861 mention the Civil War; Charles B. Norton offered to store Force's large library of Americana on account of the possibility of an attack on Washington, D.C., but Force refused the offer. Other items include a copyright document for Tracts & other Papers, relating principally to the Origin, Settlement, & Progress of the Colonies in North America, from the Discovery of the Country to the year 1776, Volume 1 (March 26, 1836). A small number of letters postdate Force's death; these concern historical manuscripts and related publications.

The Notes, Extracts, and Bibliographies series (approximately 1.75 linear feet) contains materials related to Peter Force's interest in early American history. Much of the series is comprised of lists of and extracts from historical manuscripts and publications, most frequently related to the American Revolution. The bulk of the series concerns the period from 1763 to around 1780, including commentary on the Stamp Act and economic relations between Great Britain and the North American colonies, the Continental Congresses, the Articles of Confederation, and the Revolutionary War. Items of note include a daily timeline of the mid-1770s, a 42-page bibliography of works on American history and travel published between 1742 and 1788, and an essay about the history of the United States flag. Some of the materials relate to slaves and to Native Americans, and many are arranged into bundles centered around topics such as the Declaration of Independence. A group of Revolutionary War songs is also present.

Additional subjects include disputes about the United States-Mexico border (April 5, 1853), a proposed history of Kent County, Maryland (April 5, 1852), and Force's book reviews and newspaper articles. A bound volume contains a list of publications printed at his shop between April 1826 and October 1839. The series includes a document by Force about his progress on American Archives and a few items respecting Congressional debate over funding for the project. A large group of materials relates to the early history of European printing and the evolution of standardized typography, including notes and extensive lists of early printed works.

The Financial Records (approximately 0.25 linear feet) pertain to Peter Force's professional interests, particularly with regard to the compilation and publication of American Archives. Accounts, agreements, receipts, and other items reflect the costs of printing, illustrating, binding, and publishing the work. Other items concern Force's attempts to defend the value of his work to Congress and Congress's role in funding the project. Many relate to Force's business relationships with Matthew St. Clair Clarke and John C. Rives. Personal records, such as an account of expenses during a trip to North Carolina, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, are also present.

The Printed Items series (approximately 0.25 linear feet) consists of newspapers, newspaper clippings, and pamphlets. Peter Force and others wrote articles about the disputed United States-Mexico border, the possible discovery of the Northwest Passage, Force's personal library, and the founding of the United States. The series includes a number of pamphlets (housed in the Book Division) and whole issues of periodicals such as the Army and Navy Chronicle, Daily National Intelligencer, Daily National Republican, and other newspapers. The pamphlets concern the Revolutionary War, United States and Maryland politics between the 1830s and 1850s, and a panorama by "Sinclair" about the life of Napoléon Bonaparte after 1815. "Epeögraphy," a pamphlet by Joseph B. Manning, is a proposal for a phonetic writing system.

Collection

Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013 (majority within 1970-2000)

6 linear feet — 95.4 GB (online)

Online
Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon. Papers consist of materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching including background materials; choreography notes and sketches; correspondence; clippings and publicity from dance companies with whom he was associated; programs and reviews; photographs, video and film of performances; and posters.

The Peter Sparling Papers include materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching. The papers are divided into eight series: Background Materials, Choreography, Correspondence, Dance Companies, Programs, Reviews, Photographs, Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos, and Posters.

Collection

Peter Warren papers, 1738-1751 (majority within 1744-1751)

1.25 linear feet

Online
The Peter Warren papers are the letters, documents, and financial papers of Admiral Peter Warren, the British naval officer who led the siege of the French fortress at Louisbourg in 1745. The collection primarily contains material related to the Louisburg expedition in 1745 and the British occupation of the outpost. The Peter Warren papers were originally part of the Thomas Gage papers.

The Peter Warren papers (268 items) are the letters, documents, and financial papers of Admiral Peter Warren, the British naval officer who led the siege of the French fortress at Louisbourg in 1745. The collection primarily contains material related to the Louisburg expedition in 1745 and the British occupation of the outpost. Included are communications with navy commissioners and treasury officials; monthly pay lists of carpenters, masons, smiths, and laborers; accounts of fuel and building materials purchased for the strengthening of Louisburg; and Warren's accounts with his London agents, Samuel and William Baker. Many of the letters and accounts are directed or attributed to both Peter Warren and General William Pepperrell who also commanded at Louisbourg.

The Correspondence series (72 items) is comprised primarily of letters written to Warren concerning trade and money lending interests in London and the colonies, the siege in Louisbourg and its aftermath, and supplying and paying the British navy. Warren received letters from contacts in London, Boston, and Philadelphia. Several letters mention his success in Louisbourg and provide details about his personal accounts and finances. The series contains four memorials concerning troops who fought in Louisbourg and payments made to Warren and Pepperrell by the British Treasury.

Of note:
  • A series of 12 letters from merchants Samuel and William Baker of London, in which they discussed commerce opportunities, details on loans, and news from London.
  • May 26, 1744: the description of the plight of a widow of a "regularly bred" officer who drowned in Antigua.
  • November 2, 1745: A report to Warren concerning the shortage of sailors willing to work on British navy ships. Many of the men impressed into service had fled to Rhode Island.
  • December 14, 1745-May 17, 1746: An 18-page, 21-letter booklet containing "Joint Letters By Admiral Warren and General Pepperrell at Louisburg To be entered in the Admiral's Letter Book." The volume contains letters addressed to several colonial governors (Governor William Shirley of Boston, Governor John Wentworth of New Hampshire, Lieutenant Governor Paul Mascarene of Nova Scotia, Governor George Clinton of New York, Thomas Penn of Pennsylvania, Lewis Morris of New Jersey, Thomas Bladen of Maryland, and William Gooch of Virginia), and merchants Apthorp and Sparhawk. Topics discussed include intelligence on the French Navy, requests for troop provisions and quotas, a description of the inhabitants of Nova Scotia, and news of expected British reinforcements arriving from Gibraltar.
  • October 20, 1747: Reports on the capture of the ship Vigilant and inventories of the stores and guns on board the ship.
  • March 5, 1749: A letter from Warren to William Montague about a dispute over the prize for the ship Union.

The Documents series (35 items) contains legal documents, requests made by the Boston Council of War, estimates for the proposed construction of barracks at Louisbourg, plans relating to attacking French forces in Canada, and meeting notes from the Massachusetts House of Representatives. The series also contains lists of ships in Warren's squadron, and lists of ships under Sir Edward Hawkes and Duke D. Enville's command.

Of note:
  • September 9, 1745: Orders from King George for holding courts martial on Cape Breton Island.
  • September 10, 1745: A signed copy of the council of war held at the Citadel of Louisbourg concerning intelligence on a French squadron reported in the seas around Cape Sable.
  • January 6, 1746: Approval of Warren and Governor Shirley's plan to move on the French forces of Quebec.
  • June 6, 1746: Instructions from the Council of War ordering Warren to take a small group of ships to the Mouth of the St. Lawrence River to blockade French ships from supplying Canada.
  • September 10, 1746: Reports on the wreck of the ship Shirley during a violent storm at Annapolis Royal.
  • September 21, 1746: A request from the Council at Boston for Warren to protect the town from the French navy.
  • October 13, 1746: A request from the Council at Boston to Warren and his ship Bien Amie to defend the fort at Annapolis Royal against the French.
  • Undated: "Signals by Night and Day" for ships in Warren's squadron.

The Financial Records series (161 items) is comprised of the accounts for operations at Louisbourg, including account books, bills of lading for incoming shipments, pay lists for laborers, and other financial records. Also present are items documenting Warren's personal accounts and his interests in money lending.

The Account Books subseries (9 volumes) contains Warren's naval and personal account books.

These include:
  • Account Book 1: August 22, 1738-December 21, 1751: Personal accounts for Warren with Samuel and William Baker and other financiers, accounts for victualling Warren's ships, Navy Commission debts, prize inventories for the ships Vigilant, St. Francis Xavier, La Charmonte, La Notre Dame de la Deliverence, Le Suprenant, Les Deua Amis, La Marie de Grace, St. Andrew (64 pages).
  • Account Book 2: July 15, 1745-May 31, 1746: "Account Of the Disbursements for the Repair and other public Expense of the Garrison of Louisbourg &c." This account includes the names and pay of workers at the fort (22 pages).
  • Account Book 3: July 22, 1745-October 15, 1745: "Second Attested Copies of Accounts for Fuel. Book No. 1." This account volume includes descriptions of orders and lists of the laborers who loaded wood and fuel at Louisbourg (61 pages).
  • Account Book 4: August 2, 1745-September 18, [1745]: "An Account of the Deliverance's Cargo," a prize ship brought to Louisbourg (7 pages and 10 loose documents).
  • Account Book 5: August 31, 1745-May 2, 1746: "Second attested Copies of Accts. for Contingencies. Book No. 3." This account contains the names and occupations for workers at Louisbourg. Laborers worked at the Royal Hospital, mines, and repairing the city and fort after the siege. Others were paid for guarding captives from the Cape Sable (Micmac) Indians (96 pages).
  • Account Book 6: September 6, 1745-May 21, 1748: "Accounts for Contingencies. Book No. 3." This volume contains accounts and descriptions of supplies and labor for projects in Louisbourg, including taking care of the sick and repairing the city. Also present is a list of the sailors on board the ship Vigilant, captained by Sir James Douglas (40 pages).
  • Account Book 7: September 6, 1745-August 20, 1748: "Accts. for Contingencies. Book No. 3." This volume largely duplicates the previous volume but covers accounts into August 1748 (58 pages).
  • Account Book 8: November 18, 1745-May 30, 1746: "Second attested Copies of Acct. for Fuel. Book 2." A continuation of account book three, this volume includes descriptions of orders and lists of the laborers who loaded wood and fuel at Louisbourg (55 pages).
  • Account Book 9: April 27, 1749-December 18, 1764: Peter Warren and Lady Warren's personal cash account book (40 pages).

The Bills of Lading subseries (3 volumes, 93 bills) consists of bills documenting cargo arrived on board ships sent from Boston to Louisbourg. Many of these items are partially printed forms with details on the inventory and crew filled out by hand. See the additional descriptive data for a list of ships and their masters.

The Pay Lists subseries (35 items) contains pay lists for overseers and laborers who worked at Louisbourg. Labor included hauling cannons; repairing roofs, chimneys, and other parts of military and public buildings; constructing pickets, bridges, and gates; and digging wells. Lists are organized by date and by regiment or work group.

The Pay Orders and Other Financial Records subseries (123 items) is comprised of content similar to the supply and labor accounts in the Account Book series. Many items are labeled "Second Original" and have signatures from Warren and Pepperrell. These are accounts concerning supplies, such as wood, boards, shingles, and glass, as well as payments to workers for repairing and cleaning barracks, storehouses, guardhouses, gates, and other public buildings at Louisbourg.

Warren left Louisbourg in 1746. The financial records from 1747-1750 document his interests in money lending in Massachusetts and England, and his and his wife's personal accounts. Also present are shipping invoices for the ships Willing Mind, Lydia, and Robert & Molly, and reimbursements to Massachusetts Bay for expenses incurred during the siege and occupation of Louisbourg. Of the 18 undated items is an extract for provisioning troops sailing from Gibraltar to Louisbourg.

Collection

Phil Cushway Papers, 1970-1978

1 Linear Foot — Two manuscript boxes

Phil Cushway was a student activist at the University of Michigan in the early 1970s. His involvement in the various student protests (Vietnam War, Attica lockdown) of that time, as well as his work with the Michigan Daily, led to this collection of materials which document some of his activities during that time. Cushway was active in the Indochina Peace Campaign, and much of the collection is made up of materials from that organization.

The bulk of materials document Cushway's activities at the University of Michigan during the early 1970s. The Series have been divided thus: Indochina Peace Campaign, Peoples Bicentennial Commission, Attica Brigade, Impeach Nixon Campaign, Radical Student Union, and Student Activities Committee.

Collection

Pilsbury-Heath family letters, 1828-1854

20 items

This collection contains nineteen letters sent to Carlton Heath and one letter sent to Ruth Heath between 1828 and 1854. The bulk of the letters were written by Amos and Emily Pilsbury of Weathersfield, Connecticut, mostly from the Connecticut State Prison where Amos Pilsbury worked as deputy warden and warden. Amos Pilsbury discussed prison management and provided glimpses into prisoners' experiences. He wrote frankly about his political and ideological disputes with his brother-in-law, opposing his positions on the Whig party and abolitionism. Amos Pilsbury commented on his religious practices and beliefs, family news, Thanksgiving celebrations and meals, and disgruntlement over the Heath family's failures to write and visit. Five additional members of the extended Heath family wrote portions or entire letters present in the collection, mostly weighing in on family news.

This collection contains nineteen letters sent to Carlton Heath and one letter sent to Ruth Heath between 1828 and 1854. The bulk of the letters were written by Amos and Emily Pilsbury of Weathersfield, Connecticut, mostly from the Connecticut State Prison, where Amos Pilsbury worked as deputy warden and warden. Amos Pilsbury discussed prison management and provided glimpses into prisoners' experiences. He wrote frankly about his political and ideological disputes with his brother-in-law, opposing his positions on the Whig party and abolitionism. Amos Pilsbury commented on his religious practices and beliefs, family news, Thanksgiving celebrations and meals, and disgruntlement over the Heath family's failures to write and visit. Five additional members of the extended Heath family wrote portions or entire letters present in the collection, mostly weighing in on family news.

Amos Pilsbury's letters include references to his work in prison management, with detailed descriptions of religious services in the Connecticut State Prison (April 28, 1829) and various projects contracting out the labor of imprisoned people, including for the production of shoes (November 9, 1828), rifle pistols (November 24, 1837), and cane chairs (February 18, 1842). One letter was written during Pilsbury's tenure at the Albany penitentiary, where he lamented a business being lost to fire as it impacted his ability to dispose of a large order of chair seats (August 30, 1854). In several letters, Pilsbury commented on prison discipline, African American prisoners (April 28, 1829; June 20, 1836; February 18, 1842), and the high demands wardenship placed on him.

Several of Pilsbury's letters indicate the challenges political and interpersonal conflict posed for him as a prison warden at Weathersfield. He wrote on February 20, 1832, of the "Powerful efforts [that] have been made to injure me, and destroy publick confidence in the administration of the affairs of the Prison," preceding his removal from office based on accusations of misconduct by Connecticut politician Martin Welles. He wrote again on July 27, 1833, acknowledging his reinstatement, anxiety about returning, and the decline in discipline at the Connecticut State Prison during his absence. Reflecting further on the incident on December 9, 1833, he mused, "How things have changed in one short year? At that time I was spending my time in idleness having been 'reformed' out of office. At that time no report had been made concerning things charged upon me by a personal enemy and persecutor." Following a Whig victory, Pilsbury acknowledged the possibility of political shifts impacting his employment, writing, "as I was before the election, so I am now, & trust I ever shall be, a Democrat. You ask 'wheter we expect to be removed & when?' In answer I can only say, that the Whigs have the power to remove me, whether they will or not remains to be seen" (April 21, 1838).

Amos Pilsbury and Carlton Heath appeared to have had a fraught relationship, and Amos's letters reveal frustration with Heath's failure to write and visit as well as strong opposition to Heath's support of Whig politics and abolition. Amos Pilsbury acknowledged his conviction of African American inferiority, the impossibility of immediate abolition, and the impropriety of New Englanders weighing in on slavery (June 20, 1836; April 21, 1838; September 4, 1838). One relative even joked that Pilsbury's opinions had changed. "They now wish to have all former difficulties which have arisen between you in consequence of not agreeing in Party feelings put an end to … Do excuse my sad mistake ... It must be I did not look at the right words in the Dictionary… it is the reverse" (March 1, 1841). Tensions between these family members based on strongly felt political and ideological positions appear throughout the letters.

Five additional members of the extended Heath family wrote portions or entire letters present in the collection, mostly weighing in on family news, visiting Weathersfield, and disagreeing about the duration of Ruth Heath's stays with the Pilsbury family.

Collection

Pioneer Band Association records, 1912-2011 (majority within 1960s-2011)

8 linear feet (in 10 boxes) — 1 oversize volume — 1 tube — 52.7 GB (online)

Online

The archives of the Pioneer Band Association document the history of the bands of Ann Arbor High School. Although Ann Arbor at this writing in 2012 has three high schools, these files primarily concern the Pioneer High School Band. The materials have been arranged into the following series: Class Files, People Files, Subject Files, Band Notes and related material, Visual Materials, Sound Recordings, Digital Materials, and Miscellaneous. Even though the records date from 1912, the bulk of the collection dates from the late 1960s. Much of the earlier material is copied from yearbooks and various archival resources. The People series includes research notes about different band members and notes from interviews with individuals who participated with the band in some capacity.

Collection

Poetry Society of Michigan Organizational records, 1933-2003

7.5 cubic feet (in 7 boxes, 2 Oversized volumes, 1 Oversized folder)

The records include: meeting minutes, financial records, correspondence, histories, photograph albums, scrapbooks, programs, miscellaneous, published materials, an oversized photograph, and papers of Joseph Cherwinski, a Lansing poet and librarian. The collection is ongoing.

Organizational records, 1933-2003, include: meeting minutes, financial records, correspondence, histories, photograph albums, scrapbooks, programs, miscellanea, and materials relating to the presidential terms of William S. Poe, Joye S. Giroux, and Mrs. Geneva. Published materials include the works of members, other poets, newsletters, and the Peninsula Poets, 1946-2002, except for 1955-1958. Also included are the papers of Joseph Cherwinski, Lansing poet and librarian. An Oversized folder includes a professional black and white photograph of 30 Poetry Society of Michigan members seated at three tables at a black-tie dinner On the image written in white ink, Poetry Society of Michigan (PSM), Detroit Leland Hotel, October 24, 1939, Acme Photo. .The photograph measures 9.5x16.5 inches. Although the photograph has holes punched in the corners, a crease, and a rip on the central left edge taped on the back, it is still in very good condition. A related note (photocopy) identifies the photograph as probably the only one [up to 1939] taken of the complete group. Members of the speaker's table (in the background) are identified as then PSM President Muriel Jeffries Burd (in white). To her left and to the end of the table are seated: Clifford Allen (founder), Marjorie Hanhardt, Elmer Adams, and Emil Tolonen. To Burd's right and to the end of the table are seated: Dorothea York, Sidney Mason, and Jessie Wilmore Murton. The note further states that most of these poets were charter members and that additional guests attended a reception after dinner, including Anne Campbell and her husband, then editor of the Detroit News. The collection is ongoing.

Collection

Point Lookout Prison Camp collection, 1863-1865 (majority within 1863-1864)

1.5 linear feet

The Point Lookout Prison Camp collection includes official correspondence, prisoners' letters, sutlers' receipts, and other documents relating to Confederate prisoners of war held at the Point Lookout Military Prison, Maryland, largely between the summers of 1863 and 1864. Mary Parsons compiled detailed indices for the letters written by Point Lookout's prisoners: Prisoners' Correspondence Indices.

The Point Lookout Prison Camp collection includes official correspondence, prisoners' letters, sutlers' receipts, and other documents relating to Confederate prisoners of war held at the Point Lookout Military Prison, Maryland, largely between the summers of 1863 and 1864. The collection is made up of 770 letters and around 2,200 sutlers' accounts and receipts for goods sold to prisoners.

The Correspondence is comprised of 137 official letters pertaining largely to the disposition of prisoners; 147 letters written by prisoners of war, mostly requesting to take the loyalty oath or to be assigned duty as a non-combatant; and 486 letters by private individuals on behalf of prisoners, many seeking information, relaying information, or requesting goods to be forwarded.

Among the prisoners' letters are several discussing family hardships, bewilderment at arrest (for civilian prisoners), or simple expressions of exhaustion and a desire to find a way out of the war. The sample, of course, is biased, in that the letters in the Point Lookout Collection were all addressed to federal authorities--mostly to commandant, John N. Patterson. While some prisoners expressed an abiding loyalty to the southern cause, others complained of being drafted into the service against their will and principles, or claimed to have been so wrapped up in the emotions of the moment that they did not carefully consider their actions when enlisting. In a few cases, soldiers appeared to be genuinely disillusioned with the Confederacy. Twenty-nine of those who requested the loyalty oath can later be found serving with federal forces.

Within the prisoners' letters, the names of 255 men are mentioned in one way or another. Twelve of the men were civilians, and it was possible to identify the Confederate service unit of all but 23 of the rest of the men. The largest number of men were from Virginia, followed by Louisiana, Kentucky, and North Carolina; with considerably smaller numbers from Tennessee, Maryland, Missouri, and Mississippi; and the fewest men from South Carolina, Georgia, Arkansas, Alabama, and Florida. While most came from Southern states, two men were born in Maine (James O. Goodale and Charles H. Small), two others in Illinois (Brice Holland and Minor Rogers/Rodgers), and at least one man from New York (Lucien A. Rudolph). Foreign-born men included Branilio Soza (Mexico), Paul Francis de Gournay (Cuba or France), Hector De Zevallos ("the West India Islands"), John Etchevery (France), Louis Tessandore/Tessandori (Tuscany, Italy), Frank Nidel/Neidell and George Tiefenbach (Germany), Thomas Larkin and William H. Smith (England), and Luke Baxter, James Fife, Patrick Cooper, Martin Griffin, and Michael Vahey (Ireland).

The prisoners' letters and letters from camp officials provide only very brief glimpses into the conditions of prison life, with very sporadic mention made of illness or crimes committed in camp.

Letters from third parties display a range of attitudes that are broadly similar to those expressed by the prisoners, with an understandable, rather heavier, emphasis on family hardship. Included in this series are numerous letters written by the wives, sisters or mothers of prisoners, but also some from women who may be inferred to have been members of relief organizations for Confederate soldiers.

The largest series of materials in the collection consists of approximately 2,200 sutlers' accounts and receipts for goods sold to prisoners.

Mary Parsons compiled detailed indices for the letters written by Point Lookout's prisoners: Prisoners' Correspondence Indices. Mary Parsons's research notes and copies are available for consultation in the Clements Library's reading room.

Collection

Polly C. Bishop Mansfield collection, [ca. 1850s]

2 items

The Polly C. Bishop Mansfield Collection contains poetry and sewing produced by Mansfield while a young woman during the mid-nineteenth century. Four poems entitled "Remembrance," "Nevermore," "Friendship," and "Persevere" are written on both sides of a slim sheet of paper. Mansfield hand-sewed a stuffed fabric fish, drawing scales, gills, and eyes on it with ink. The fish is affixed with thread to a manuscript note that reads, "Sarah Heaton Stiles and Polly Bishop Mansfield had a bet on and Polly was to give Sarah a shad, in payment. And she (Polly) made this shad, perhaps about 1850-2. They were young women."

The Polly C. Bishop Mansfield Collection contains poetry and sewing produced by Mansfield while a young woman during the mid-nineteenth century. Four poems entitled "Remembrance," "Nevermore," "Friendship," and "Persevere" are written on both sides of a slim sheet of paper. Mansfield hand-sewed a stuffed fabric fish, drawing scales, gills, and eyes on it with ink. The fish is affixed with thread to a manuscript note that reads, "Sarah Heaton Stiles and Polly Bishop Mansfield had a bet on and Polly was to give Sarah a shad, in payment. And she (Polly) made this shad, perhaps about 1850-2. They were young women."