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This volume contains notes Kate Brown Barlow kept between 1886 and 1887 relating to the cases handled by the Newsboys and Children's Aid Society of Washington, D.C. Typically the notes record the child's name, their race, family and financial circumstances, conditions at the place of residence, physical appearance and state of clothing, indications of hardship, and any details about job or housing placements.

During the course of her work, Barlow occasionally documented going on house visits. She described the conditions the children lived in, noting the alleys and regions of the city where they resided. At times she inquired about their behavior and asked for character references, often in relation to trying to secure job or housing placements for the children. Her notes indicate boys were placed to work in sites like a coach factory, a drug store, a coal yard, and a restaurant scullery, and that she was coordinating with other aid organizations like the Orphan's Asylum, the Industrial Home School, the House of Mercy, and the Foundling Society to provide housing. Barlow indicated other programs assisted with food deliveries to families or provided free legal services. Several incidences recorded in the volume reflect racial prejudice, such as refusals to house or employ African American children (August 16, 1886; March 1, 1887; April 5, 1887). Barlow also commented on interracial households, suggesting they were notable.

The case notes provide insight in the children's difficult circumstances, with reports of violence, child prostitution and sexual grooming, lack of access to education, and malnutrition and hunger. The volume includes a note written by a 23-year-old man to a 14-year-old girl pasted into the back of the volume, which the case notes from October 18, 1886, reference. Barlow recorded when mental illness or alcohol and drug use factored into the case. At times she noted children running away from their families or from work or alternate housing arrangements. She also commented on mixed reactions by the families, with some offering gratitude while others were mistrustful of Barlow's intentions and refused their children's work or housing placements. Barlow acknowledged the frustration the cases sometimes generated as well as her emotional exhaustion.

Barlow was in communication with the police station, using them as a last resort if housing could not be secured or if she received reports of child neglect or physical and sexual abuse that required immediate intervention. When children under her care were in conflict with the law, Barlow also got involved. She noted talking to police about newsboys who were arrested for gambling (February 19, 1887) and attempting to remove a boy from the workhouse. The volume includes several newspaper clippings, including a New York Times article, "The Percentage of Arrest in Leading Cities," focusing on juvenile reform; one entitled "Crime in Washington;" and another, "Shooting to Kill. Unprovoked murder of George Rawlett, a Young White Man, by a Drunken Negro," with additional manuscript notes about the incident.

Barlow recorded visits from the Newsboy's Home from Columbus, Ohio on September 16, 1886, to compare their practices, and a visit from the Children's Aid Society of Newark, New Jersey, on January 13, 1887.